Solar activity data analysis by spectral methods

Author: Mariam Gogoladze
Keywords: Sun, solar activity, spectral analysis, Fourier analysis, wavelet analysis, Hilbert-Huang transform, solar energy dynamics, F.10.7. Index, Wolf number.
Annotation:

As we know, The processes taking place on the Sun have the greatest influence on the climatic, biological, and geomagnetic conditions of the Earth. That is why the study of solar activity and dynamics is very important for mankind. Since ancient times, the sun has been studied by direct observation, and now many modern methods are used, both with different types of devices on the Earth and with satellites in space. The study of the close connection between the Sun and the Earth is the main task of the physics of Sun-Earth connections. Using solar activity and its characteristics (index), we studied solar activity and energy characteristics in the paper. We also touched on the statistical forecast of solar dynamics. The analysis of the received complex, stochastic signals is carried out using both classical and modern methods, such as Fourier analysis, wavelet analysis, recurrent diagrams and quantitative analysis, Hilbert-Huang transform, and empirical mode analysis. Finally, we found out the trend of the solar energy dynamics based on the characteristic solar indexes, for which the corresponding integrals of the stochastic signals were calculated using the Monte Carlo method.